Intraperitoneal Injection Of Cardiolipin Boosts Respiratory Function In Skeletal Muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
: Cardiolipin is a phospholipid found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and, consequently, is involvedin energy metabolism. Research has demonstrated that cardiolipin is released from necrotic cellsfollowing myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Despite its various effects on liver, smooth andcardiac muscle, the impact of increased cardiolipin on skeletal muscle remains unknown. PURPOSE: Toexamine the effects of long-term administration of cardiolipin on aerobic capacity and mitochondrialrespiration of skeletal muscle in a mouse model. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomized to anexperimental and a control group (n = 8/group). The mice were injected 2x/week for 6 weeks with 0.1mlof cardiolipin (1.8 mg/kg body weight) or placebo solution. Concurrently, voluntary running distance wasalso measured using in-cage running wheels. At baseline, week 3 and week 6, aerobic capacity wasassessed by recording time to exhaustion on a treadmill at a speed of 16 m/min. At the experimentalendpoint, the mice were euthanized and the vastus lateralis muscle was extracted and mitochondrialrespiratory capacity was measured by high-resolution respirometry [2 mM malate, 10 mM glutamate,6 mM pyruvate, 5 mM ADP, 10 μM cytochrome C, 10 mM succinate, 2 μg/ml oligomycin, 0.25 μM FCCP].Respiratory control ratio (RCR) and acceptor control ratio (ACR) were calculated. Two-tailed t-tests wereused to compare data between the two groups. RESULTS: Mice injected with cardiolipin showed strongtrends of increased respiration rates. Succinate increased notably (59.83 ± 5.16 vs. 46.03 ± 5.66 pmol/s/mg, p > 0.05) but did not show significance, whereas glutamate (6.76 ± 1.05 vs. 4.12 ± 0.58 pmol/s/mg, p < 0.05) and oligomycin (34.45 ± 2.80 vs. 27.70 ± 2.10 pmol/s/mg, p < 0.05) did. No significantdifferences in voluntary running distance, functional aerobic capacity, RCR or ACR were seen. CONCLUSION: Cardiolipin enhances LEAK respiration and may have a positive effect on oxidativephosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Future experiments include increasing sample size and analyzingmitochondrial density of this tissue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".