Neuromuscular Performance Among Covid-19 Survivors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most individuals who contract SARS-CoV-2 recover. However, some report lingering fatigue and weakness, independent of the clinical symptoms during illness. PURPOSE: To examine differences in neuromuscular function between COVID-19 survivors and healthy young adults. METHODS: 12 healthy (24.4 ± 2.6 yrs) and 10 COVID-19 survivors (25.9 ± 1.7 yrs), 5.1 ± 3.8 months following contracting SARS-CoV-2. None of the survivors were hospitalized, but all reported various symptoms during and following illness. A subsample of 4 COVID-19 survivors reported systemic daily fatigue symptoms. Participants performed 5 s maximal isometric knee extensions (MVC), 10s submaximal contractions (25% and 70%MVC), and a fatiguing contraction (MVC to exhaustion). Volitional activation was determined during MVC, using the interpolated twitch technique. Bipolar electromyography (EMG) was used to characterize muscle activity. Muscle size was assessed using ultrasound. RESULTS: No differences were observed between healthy and COVID-19 groups in anthropometric measures, including quadriceps muscle depth (3.3 ± 0.8 and 3.4 ± 0.9 cm, respectively). There were no differences in muscle performance (peak torque: 2.3 ± 0.9 and 2.9 ± 1.0 Nm/kg, rate of torque development: 1211 ± 519 and 1249 ± 512 Nm/s, respectively), volitional activation (94.3 ± 4.8 and 95.6 ± 4.5%, respectively) and other neuromuscular measures (EMG amplitude, coactivation), between groups during MVC or submaximal contractions. During fatiguing contraction, the rate of perceived exertion and rate of torque reduction were not different between groups. However, among the subsample of survivors experiencing daily fatigue, the rate of torque reduction was significantly greater than healthy (0.84 ± 0.26 vs. 0.39 ± 0.10 %MVC/%time, respectively, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Past COVID-19 infection does not affect brief maximal and submaximal neuromuscular performance. However, prolonged contractions may be compromised among survivors who experience fatigue during daily life. Sandwich Scholarship, Haifa University
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".