Meeting Muscle Strengthening Guidelines Is Associated With Better Cardiovagal Baroreflex Sensitivity In Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Engaging in muscle strengthening activities (e.g., resistance training) at least twice/week is promoted by (Inter)national movement guidelines for optimal health benefits. Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cvBRS) reflects the efficiency of modulating R-R interval in response to changes in systolic blood pressure. Despite muscle strengthening exercise being promoted, conflicting reports exist as to whether resistance exercise improves, reduces, or does not alter cvBRS. PURPOSE: To explore whether the frequency of self-reported muscle strengthening exercise and meeting the guidelines of ≥2 sessions/week is associated with spontaneous cvBRS. METHODS: Healthy adults (n = 114, 62♀; age: 33 ± 19 years, 22% > 55-years; body mass index: 24.2 ± 3.7-kg/m2) self-reported weekly muscle strengthening activity frequencies via the Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire. Beat-by-beat R-R intervals (electrocardiography; 1.00 ± 0.18-ms) and systolic blood pressure (via finger photoplethysmography; 116 ± 11-mmHg) were recorded for 10.7 ± 2.0-mins. Spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity was assessed using the sequence technique. Data were analyzed using linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, body mass index. RESULTS: Participants completed 2.4 ± 2.1 (0-7) days/week of muscle strengthening activities (56% met guidelines) and overall cvBRS was 14.9 ± 9.1 (3.1-48.4) ms/mmHg. More frequent muscle strengthening activities was positively associated with overall cvBRS (Adjusted R2 = 0.40, p < 0.001; =2.24, p < 0.001). Meeting muscle strengthening activity guidelines was also associated with improved overall cvBRS (Adjusted R2 = 0.29, p < 0.001; =7.68, p < 0.001). All results were unchanged if cvBRS for up-sequences or down-sequences only were used (all, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Engaging in muscle strengthening exercises and particularly meeting international guidelines were associated with better beat-by-beat vagally-mediated blood pressure regulation, coinciding with public health guidelines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".