Simulation and experimental demonstration of helium purification from He/N2 mixtures by pressure swing adsorption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Terrestrial helium is an indispensable non-renewable resource used in medicine, space, electronics, and nuclear research. This paper reports a high-pressure five-step pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycle using Zeolite 5A for purification of He from dilute He/N 2 mixtures. A Dual-Site Langmuir (DSL) model fitted both the low-pressure N 2 and high-pressure N 2 isotherm data. Dynamic column breakthrough (DCB) experiments were used to confirm volumetric equilibrium loadings. The DCB model predicted the experimental breakthrough curves for a wide range of feed compositions (100% N 2 , 74.5% N 2 , and 51.5% N 2 ) and feed pressures (1 bar and 11.2 bar). A large experimental campaign studied the impact of various operating conditions on the He purity and recovery achievable from the PSA process. The study showed that a single-stage PSA experiment could enrich He up to 13% purity with greater than 90% recovery from a feed containing 1% He. Helium purity of 95% and a recovery of 90% can be achieved from a feed containing 10% He. All trends were predicted well by numerical simulations. A multi-objective optimization was performed to maximize helium purity and recovery for various He feed compositions. The study also showed that points from the Pareto curve can be realized experimentally.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".