Case Studies in Modelling Cruise-Generated Trailing Vortices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trailing vortices from jet transport aircraft in high altitude cruising flight, have been measured in high spatiotemporal detail, by an NRC research jet. The vortex locations, descent rate and vortex core thermodynamic, dynamic, transport and spatial scale characteristics were derived. Also, from these measurements, the background atmospheric state properties of pressure, wind structure, temperature, potential temperature, thermal stratification and turbulence have been established. Thereafter, two versions of the Probabilistic 2-Phase wake vortex prediction model P2P have been applied to the cases. While the established P2P version uses ground-based measurement data to calibrate its probabilistic envelopes, the runtime optimized airborne version P2Pa uses uncertainties of all relevant impact parameters to construct the probabilistic envelopes. Flight and model data have been compared and the suitability of the P2P models for onboard wake vortex prediction and warning during cruise have been discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".