Ice Crystal Environment-Modular Axial Compressor Rig: Critical Temperatures for Accretion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Ice Crystal Environment Modular Axial Compressor Rig (ICE-MACR) is a purpose-built compressor rig for investigating the physics of inflight ice crystal icing of turbofan aircraft engines. The onset of ice accretion within the rig against various parameters of temperature, such as gas path static temperature, gas path wet bulb temperature, and casing metal temperature, has been studied. Changes in accretion behavior as a function of the various temperatures within the ICE-MACR are explored. True accretion, which needs the presence of melt water, requires a gas path static temperature warmer than freezing. Accretion can occur as temperatures increase until the static wet bulb temperature exceeds freezing, at which point no steady accretion growth can occur. Total wet bulb temperature (TWB0) was not found to be a trigger for accretion; however, it does affect the accretion characteristics. Based on the observed static temperature and static wet bulb temperature limits on accretion, a theoretical temperature range within a compressor prone to ice crystal icing can be calculated. This range is predicted to be significantly smaller for an engine operating at sea level than at altitude.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".