Cyberbullying Detection Using Bag-of-Words, TF-IDF, Parallel CNNs and BiLSTM Neural Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyberbullying, marked by its persistent and intentional aggression online, yields severe repercussions for its victims, extending beyond immediate distress to long-lasting effects such as heightened anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. Individuals subjected to Cyberbullying often grapple with diminished self-esteem, compromised academic performance, and strained interpersonal relations. Given the escalating prevalence of this digital menace, there is a pressing need for advanced methodologies to address it effectively. This paper introduces an approach to Cyberbullying detection, integrating techniques such as Bag-of-Words (BoW) and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analyses, along with the parallel processing capabilities of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the contextual comprehension provided by Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks. Through an experimentation on the latest Ejaz-Choudhury-Razi Cyberbullying dataset, our framework exhibits satisfactory performance in identifying instances of online hostility. These results underscore the potential of our approach to significantly contribute to ongoing efforts aimed at combating Cyberbullying in digital environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".