K and Mg Co-doped perovskite oxide for enhanced anode of direct ammonia protonic ceramic fuel cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ammonia (NH₃) is a promising fuel for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) due to its favorable liquefaction conditions and high volumetric energy density. However, even state-of-the-art PCFC anodes show insufficient NH₃ decomposition activity at reduced temperatures, compromising PCFC power output and durability. In this study, we report a novel nickel-perovskite-type structured oxide cermet anode with an NH₃ decomposition activity that enables relatively high power output from direct NH₃-PCFCs at 600 °C. We co-dope K and Mg into a perovskite-type structured oxide to produce the Ba 0.95 K 0.05 (Zr 0.1 Ce 0.7 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 ) 0.95 Mg 0.05 O 3- δ (BZCYYb-KMg) material, which facilitates the rate-limiting steps in NH₃ decomposition: hydrogen transport and nitrogen desorption. Consequently, our modified nickel-perovskite-type structured oxide cermet anode achieves 100% NH₃ conversion at 600 °C. When used as a PCFC anode, this material increased the power output of a PCFC using NH₃ fuel at 600 °C by 25% and lifetime by more than 15 times compared to PCFC containing the unmodified nickel-perovskite-type structured oxide cermet anode. • The K and Mg co-doped BZCYYb (BZCYYb-KMg) shows increased proton conductivity and facilitates N 2 desorption from the nickel cermet. • Ni + BZCYYb-KMg shows a 100% NH 3 conversion rate at 600 °C. • Ni + BZCYYb-KMg increases the power output of PCFCs by 25% when used as an anode at 600 °C relative to the unmodified anode. • The reversible reaction between Ni and NH 3 significantly changes the anode morphology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".