Electrochemical radiofluorination using a split-bipolar electrode
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Electrochemical radiofluorination (ECF) is achieved with split bipolar electrodes. • Radiochemical conversion of up to 70 % for methyl (methylthio)acetate. • A m of 28–43 GBq/μmol is achieved with starting activity of 2.5–3.3 GBq. • A m obtained in this work is five times higher than previous reports using ECF. Electrochemical (radio)fluorination (ECF) is a versatile approach for nucleophilic radiofluorination of electron-rich compounds such as thioether derivatives. However, ECF generally requires high concentrations of supporting salts, which leads to low molar activity ( A m ) of the final product due to undesired contamination with [ 19 F]F – ions. Here, we demonstrate the first example of radiofluorination using a split bipolar electrode (s-BPE) platform with low concentration of supporting salt. Under optimal reaction conditions, the ECF of methyl (methylthio)acetate (MMTA) using s-BPEs provided [ 18 F]F-MMTA with radiochemical conversion of up to 70 % and high molar activities (28–43 GBq/μmol; 0.74–1.1 Ci/μmol), with approximately 5 mM of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it