Development of Alcalase-Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Biocatalytic Membranes for Protein Hydrolysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biocatalytic membranes (BM) combine the benefits of enzymes and membranes and have found a wide variety of applications. This study focused on the development of BM by immobilizing alcalase onto electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membranes (PANMs) modified with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide/ N -hydroxy succinimide through covalent bonding. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the alcalase-functionalized PAN nanofibrous biocatalytic membrane (PAN-BM). The PAN-BM demonstrated enhanced pH and thermal stability compared to free alcalase. The BM retained 45% of its initial activity after 10 repeated uses under optimum conditions (i.e., 50 °C and pH 9.0). A BM reactor was successfully demonstrated for continuous hydrolysis of model substrate azo-casein (0.5% w/v), with its extent of hydrolysis significantly affected by both the number of layers of PAN-BM and the flux of feed. A five-layer PAN-BM was also successfully tested for continuous hydrolysis of the raw soy proteins (1.4% w/v) extracted from commercial soybean meals, showing a promising potential of application.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".