Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper provides a comparative study of dynamic comparators in low-voltage successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The architecture, comparison time, and power consumption of four widely used dynamic comparators are studied first. It is followed with an investigation of kickback in these comparators. We show although clock kickback is common-mode, the impedance asymmetry of the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of SAR ADCs arising from the different channel resistances of DAC switches and manifesting itself only when supply voltage is low gives rise to a differential clock kickback that occurs earlier than output regeneration kickback with more strength and dictates the kickback of dynamic comparators. The dependence of the clock kickback on the input of SAR ADCs in least significant bit (LSB) conversion where the input is the smallest is investigated. The offset voltage of the dynamic comparators and its dependence on supply voltage are also investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".