A 0.6-V 108-nW 100-kHz Sub-Threshold Delay-Locked Loop with Digital Linearization for Low-Power SAR ADC
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the instability of low-power low-frequency charge-pump delay-locked loops (DLL) operating in sub-threshold for low-power SAR ADC. We show the charge leakage of the loop-filter capacitor during the long idle state of the phase detector causes the control voltage of the DLL to drift. Although the amount of voltage drift is insignificant, the exponential relation between the delay and control voltage of the delay stage operating in sub-threshold results in a significant change in the delay of the DLL, causing the DLL to oscillate. To combat this, we propose a counter-based sub-threshold DLL with digital linearization. The delay stages of the DLL are linearized using a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with its bit weights set as per the characteristics of the delay stage such that the relation between the delay and control voltage of the compensated delay stage is linear. Designed in a TSMC 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology with a reduced supply voltage of 0.6 V, the DLL locks to a 100 kHz 50% duty-cycle external reference at FF/-20°C, TT/27°C, and SS/60°C process/temperature corners and consumes 108.6 nW at TT/27°C. The proposed DLL offers the distinct characteristics of intrinsic stability, ultra-low power consumption, and excellent compatibility with technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".