pH-Sensitive Degradable Coatings Releasing Antibacterial Phosphonium Species and Gentamicin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a growing challenge across multiple fields but particularly for biomedical devices where treatment with conventional systemic antibiotics is challenging. Approaches that lead to the killing or inhibition of bacterial growth on surfaces are gaining increasing attention. We recently reported phosphonium polymer surfaces, containing pH-sensitive acetal cross-linkers, that killed bacteria more effectively at the mildly acidic pH values associated with bacterial infection. Here, we describe the addition of the antibiotic gentamicin (GM) into the coating formulations with the aim of enhancing the antibacterial activity of the coatings. GM was functionalized with a polymerizable styrenic group via a pH-sensitive imine linkage and this monomer was successfully incorporated into cured films containing tributyl(4-vinylbenzyl)phosphonium chloride (BuP) or triphenyl(4-vinylbenzyl)phosphonium chloride (PhP) monomers and ketal (XK) or acetal (XA) cross-linkers. After incubation at pH 5, coatings composed of PhP, XK, and GM released the highest-activity antibacterial products against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) compared to the other coatings. However, all PhP coatings completely inhibited the growth of S. aureus on their surfaces and BuP coatings led to about a 4-log reduction in bacterial colony-forming units, indicating effective contact killing. Fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed only trace levels of bacteria on the surfaces, even following incubation with 10 7 CFU/mL S. aureus .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".