(Dis)Empowerment and Self-Rule: Fiscal Federalism and Minority Nations in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Federalism is often advanced as a means to enable the coexistence of diverse peoples beneath a common umbrella of a shared state apparatus. Scholars have long considered how the division of powers and the allocation of jurisdictional capacities among multiple orders of government may empower and foster the autonomy of internal national minority communities. Until recently, however, the ways in which the fiscal arrangements of a federation may affect the coexistence of diverse peoples have remained largely unexplored. Using the case of Canada, this chapter identifies the concrete features of fiscal federalism that may contribute to—or detract from—the empowerment of internal minority national communities. Drawing from the Canadian experience, three features of a fiscal architecture are directly related to the realization of minority national empowerment: (1) representation and participation in the management of fiscal arrangements; (2) the independence of the revenue base that is available to internal communities; and (3) the conditions and time horizons that are associated with the arrangements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".