Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal/PVDF Composites Prepared by Solution Casting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes have been considered promising candidates to address the safety issues for next-generation lithium batteries. Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are attracting increasing interest as solid electrolyte materials due to their unique advantages. In this study, an OIPC-based composite electrolyte consisting of the OIPC 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Pyr 12 TFSI), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and the polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been developed by a facile solution casting strategy. Free-standing and flexible OIPC/polymer composite membranes were fabricated by the solution casting method, which not only provides flexibility and better electrode/electrolyte contact but also is compatible with current battery processing methods. The thermal behavior and ionic conductivity of the OIPC-based composites with different molar proportions (10 mol % to 67 mol %) of LiTFSI in LiTFSI/Pyr 12 TFSI, as well as different weight fractions (20 wt % to 50 wt %) of PVDF, were studied to understand the effect on transport properties. Among all the compositions studied, the Li 0.33 [Pyr 12 ] 0.67 TFSI/30 wt % PVDF composite exhibited high ionic conductivity (e.g., 1.2 × 10 –4 S cm –1 at 30 °C). The Li 0.33 [Pyr 12 ] 0.67 TFSI/30 wt % PVDF composite membrane was evaluated in a Li/Li symmetric cell and was cycled stably over 900 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm –2 at 50 °C, demonstrating that this OIPC/polymer composite electrolyte enabled the reversible and stable lithium plating and stripping behaviors. Further tests of the Li 0.33 [Pyr 12 ] 0.67 TFSI/30 wt % PVDF composite membrane as a solid electrolyte in a LiFePO 4 /Li cell presented a high specific discharge capacity of 149 mAh g –1 at 0.1 C and a long cycle life of over 440 cycles with a capacity retention of 89% at 0.5 C at 50 °C, which showed improved rate capability and cycling stability in comparison with the composites with similar compositions but obtained by the powder pressing method. This study demonstrated the potential of the OIPC/polymer composite solid electrolyte prepared by the solution casting method and will promote the development of high-performance OIPC-based composite electrolytes for solid-state batteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".