Indigenous dance, sport-for-development, and settler colonial (de)choreographies in the Indian Residential School System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Department of Indian Affairs and church counterparts who administered Canada’s Indian Residential School System promoted Euro-Canadian physical activities to reform and replace traditional Indigenous physical culture practices like the Sundance and the potlatch. Administrators used Western forms of movement to compel obedience to Euro-Canadian culture, including spirituality. An observer wrote that the students ‘must not sing, dance, beat a drum, or pray in the Indian way. They may dance in the manner of the White people …’ (Sheridan, ca. 1930s). The use of sport for such social engineering, usually by colonial state and church missions, has been called sport-for-development. This paper examines how these institutions conceptually framed, and put into practice, their interventions into Indigenous physical cultures using the terrain of the body. I argue that the Indian residential school system imposed ‘settler colonial choreographies’ in a domestic sport-for-development process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".