Erratum: COVID-19: ramifications of the pandemic on mental health and substance abuse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Munipalli B, Al-Soleiti M, Morris A and Rummans T (2024) COVID-19: ramifications of the pandemic on mental health and substance abuse. Front. Public Health. 12:1401734. doi: 10.3389/fpubh. 2024.1401734 Due to an error, the incorrect manuscript was used for typesetting. Corrections have been made to the text and references, as outlined below.A correction has been made to the section Background, paragraph 4: "In March 2020, COVID-19 began to emerge as the latest pandemic. Over the next four years, growing concerns were expressed regarding increasing mental health issues and substance abuse. COVID-19 negatively influenced mental health worldwide due to limited resources for testing and treatment, conflicting messages from health authorities, and uncertain prognoses (7)(8)(9)(10). COVID-19 reduced the sense of control individuals experienced, leading to increased addictive symptoms including addictive social media use, and heightened anxiety enhanced by misinformation and fake news provided on social media (11). Reorganization of daily life resulted in increased depression and reduced physical activity in those who had difficulty adapting (11,12). Interestingly, a collaborative study from four countries (Germany, Italy, Russia, and Spain) demonstrated physical activity could buffer the negative impacts of depression symptoms (13). A study of Italian healthcare workers compared to the general population demonstrated a significant increase in negative mood, worry, restlessness, loneliness, and fatigue (14).A validated measuring anxiety, the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS) was developed to assess anxiety including maladaptive forms of coping (worry, avoidance, threat monitoring) associated with COVID-19 in the general population in the United States (15). It has been used by numerous other countries (Brazil, China, Greece, Indonesia, the Philippines, Iran, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Canada, and the United Kingdom) successfully to demonstrate a significant increase in COVID-19 anxiety syndrome, depression, health anxiety, psychological distress, and functional impairment (10,(15)(16)(17)(18)."A correction has also been made to the section Conclusion: "COVID-19 has taught us how much we still do not know about the biological and psychosocial aspects of mental illness and substance abuse. Despite the potential limitation of this study not being a systematic review (e.g. PRISMA criteria), there are many important points made that move us forward toward a better understanding of neuropsychiatric problems and their treatment. Both the direct impact of viruses and the secondary indirect biological changes on the brain from COVID-19 producing inflammation, hypoxia, etc. can result in immediate and persistent neuropsychiatric conditions. Consequently, more research is needed focusing on these biological factors such as inflammation, as a cause of many severe mental illnesses including schizophrenia, mania, and severe depression. Better diagnostic tools such as more sophisticated biomarkers, other than sedimentation rate and C Reactive Protein, and more routine use of sensitive brain imaging for early screening and recognition, may allow for the emergence of new treatments for identified causes of neuropsychiatric symptoms.Additionally, psychosocial factors are often ignored until it is too late to reverse the impact on mental illness and substance abuse. Early screening and recognition could result in better clinical outcomes. An interdisciplinary approach and treatment with integrated care models, including added support in schools and the workforce to identify those struggling with mental illness or substance abuse early are essential to addressing psychosocial factors. Public health education and community engagement through raised awareness, enhanced screening, and early detection could reduce stigma and result in better policies and more support services. Recognizing and addressing these issues that we have learned from the ramifications of COVID-19 will help us improve the care of those with neuropsychiatric illnesses.The following references were added:
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.047 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.041 | 0.033 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".