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Record W4402825601 · doi:10.1097/cxa.0000000000000213

Population-based Drug Toxicity Death Rate in Newfoundland and Labrador With a Highlight on Opioid-related Deaths: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2024· article· en· W4402825601 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Cindy Whitten, Kathryn Dalton, Shane Randell, Khadija Ibrahim, Nash Denic

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Addiction · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicOpioid Use Disorder Treatment
Canadian institutionsOffice of the Chief Medical ExaminerPublic Health Agency of CanadaGovernment of Newfoundland and LabradorNewfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health ResearchMemorial University of Newfoundland
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRetrospective cohort studyMedicineOpioidDrugCohortToxicityPopulationDemographyCohort studyMortality rateEnvironmental healthPharmacologyInternal medicine

Abstract

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ABSTRACT Objective: The opioid crisis has been an ongoing, complex public health issue in Canada since 2016 and has become a catalyst for substance use disorder. Prescription opioid use has increased steadily for the past 3 decades, and opioid and other drug use continues to contribute to morbidity and mortality in Canada. This study has 3 objectives: to analyze toxicology findings in drug-related deaths, specifically focusing on fatal opioid-related toxicities and detailing patient demographics within the sample in NL annually from 2016 to 2022. Methods: Drug toxicity represents the consumption of toxic levels of substances including, but not limited to, illicit and pharmaceutical opioids, illicit and pharmaceutical stimulants, illicit and pharmaceutical benzodiazepines, alcohol, antidepressants, and other prescription medications. Results: The total number of suicide deaths caused by total drug toxicity ranged from a frequency of 9 in 2016 to 15 in 2022. The number of undetermined deaths from total drug toxicity ranged from a frequency of 2 in 2021 to 7 in 2019. The manner of death for all opioid-related toxicity deaths in this study is considered accident (not intentional) or other (meaning suicides and undetermined deaths). Accidental death was the most prevalent manner of death for opioid-related toxicity deaths occurring in NL between 2016 and 2022, comprising 72% (n=13) of total opioid-related deaths in 2016, 70% (n=23) in 2017, 83% (n=10) in 2018, 72% (n=13) in 2019, 75% (n=18) in 2020, 88% (n=23) in 2021, and 77% (n=23) in 2022. Conclusions: Subsequent research using more granular data is needed in this area to identify other risk factors contributing to drug-related harms and toxicity deaths in NL. Objectif: La crise des opioïdes est un problème de santé publique complexe et permanent au Canada depuis 2016 et est devenue un catalyseur des troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances. La consommation d’opioïdes sur ordonnance a augmenté régulièrement au cours des trois dernières décennies et la consommation d’opioïdes et d’autres drogues contribuent à la morbidité et à la mortalité au Canada. Méthodes: Cette étude a examiné le nombre total de décès dus à la toxicité des drogues, en mettant l’accent sur les décès dus à la toxicité des drogues liées aux opioïdes aux TNL chaque année entre 2016 et 2022. La toxicité des drogues représente la consommation de substances à des niveaux toxiques incluant, mais sans s’y limiter, les opioïdes illicites et pharmaceutiques, les stimulants illicites et pharmaceutiques, les benzodiazépines illicites et pharmaceutiques, l’alcool, les antidépresseurs et d’autres médicaments sur ordonnance. Résultats: Le nombre total de décès par suicide causés par la toxicité totale des drogues a varié d’un taux annuel de 9 en 2016 à 15 en 2022. Le nombre de décès indéterminés dus à une toxicité totale des drogues est passé d’un taux annuel de 2 en 2021 à 7 en 2019. Le mode de décès pour tous les décès liés à la toxicité des opioïdes dans cette étude est considéré comme accidentel (non intentionnel) ou autre (c’est-à-dire les suicides et les décès indéterminés). La mort accidentelle était le mode de décès le plus fréquent pour les décès par toxicité liés aux opioïdes survenus aux TNL entre 2016 et 2022, comprenant 72% (n=13) du total des décès liés aux opioïdes en 2016, 70% (n=23) en 2017, 83% (n=10) en 2018, 72% (n=13) en 2019, 75% (n=18) en 2020, 88% (n=23) en 2021, et 77% (n=23) en 2022. Conclusion: Des recherches ultérieures utilisant des données plus granulaires sont nécessaires dans ce domaine pour identifier d’autres facteurs de risque contribuant aux méfaits liés aux drogues et aux décès dus à la toxicité aux TNL.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.240
Threshold uncertainty score0.483

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.233
Teacher spread0.227 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations1
Published2024
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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