Linearization of Fully-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Transmitters Using Analytical Multi-Input Models for Millimeter-Wave Communications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, fully-connected hybrid beamforming (FC-HBF) architecture has aroused widespread interest for millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication systems. However, the FC-HBF structure suffers from significant linearity deterioration, limiting its applications in actual mmWave transmitters. To resolve this issue, an effective digital predistortion (DPD) method utilizing analytical multi-input behavioral models is proposed in this paper for linearizing the FC-HBF system. Based on the nonlinearity analysis and behavioral modeling of the array response, three analytical multi-input models are derived by embedding the priori beamforming information in the predistorter. The complexity of the proposed analytical models is significantly reduced compared to the state-of-the-art. Numerical simulations and experimental measurement are carried out on a$4\times 64$mmWave FC-HBF array and$2\times 16$quasi-test platform respectively to validate the performance of the proposed DPDs against the state-of-the-art DPDs, which show significant linearization abilities to compensate for the nonlinear distortions of beam signals. The proof-of-the-concept validations in this paper indicate that the proposed scheme is fully capable of linearizing an mmWave FC-HBF array.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".