The Impact of CEO and CFO Gender on Family Firm Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the impact of CEO and CFO gender on firm performance, with a focus on family firms. Family firms focus on strategic decision-making with a tendency to pass the firm to the next generations which includes the appointment of top executives. Since family firms are more likely to appoint a family member as CEO or CFO, common gender-based discriminatory practices play a lesser role in these decisions. Our results indicate that non-family firms with female CEOs or CFOs outperform those with male CEOs or CFOs. However, in contrast to non-family firms, the performance of family firms does not vary based on the gender of the CEO or CFO. This underscores the various discriminatory practices women face throughout the entirety of their careers, as female executives must demonstrate superior abilities to “shatter the glass ceiling” and attain top executive positions. Our study highlights the importance of addressing gender-based discriminatory practices at various stages of women's careers, rather than focusing solely on their tenure as top executives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".