The History and Pedigree of Australian Lentil Cultivars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lentils are an ancient, edible grain legume, consumed worldwide in an array of dishes as either whole or split seed. While India and Canada are the largest modern‐day producers, Australia is a close third and the second largest exporter of lentil globally. An overview of lentil introduction cultivar development and production in Australia since the 1960s is presented. This commenced with obtaining international germplasm, and in the 1970s, Australia participated in the ICARDA‐led Food Legume Improvement Program (FLIP), which saw the release of nine varieties in the span of a decade. The first local breeding efforts in Australia commenced in the 1990s through the Coordinated Improvement Program for Australian Lentils (CIPAL), which transitioned into Pulse Breeding Australia (PBA) in the 2000s, and saw the first Australian‐bred varieties released in 2008. Currently, Agriculture Victoria's National Lentil Breeding Program and Grains Innovation Australia (GIA) breed and release varieties for Australian lentil growers, and future perspectives for their programmes are presented. One of the main diseases of lentil is Ascochyta blight, which is caused by the fungus Ascochyta lentis . The discovery of a major avirulence gene within Australian A. lentis populations which determines pathotype has allowed recent categorisation of a collection of isolates, and their response to Australian varieties is discussed. The narrowing gene pool and viability of interspecific hybridisation of Australian lentil is additionally explained. Taken together, this review summarises the history and pedigree of Australian varieties and lentil breeding, the impact of major disease pathotypes on cultivar utility and the pursuits of public and private lentil breeding initiatives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".