An experimental investigation of the effect of strain rate and stress path on undrained response of nonplastic soils in direct simple shear mode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the influence of strain rate on the small- and large-strain shear resistance of nonplastic soils, most using conventional drained and undrained (or constant volume) laboratory tests. To supplement the initial states, soil gradations, and modes of shear examined in earlier studies, the authors used direct simple shear (DSS) tests to evaluate the effect of shear strain rate on the shear resistance of three nonplastic soils with fines contents that varied from 0% to 60%. In addition, the effect of stress path on the critical state and uniqueness of the critical state line (CSL) were explored. Results from the DSS tests on these soils indicated that irrespective of the nonplastic fines content: (i) peak undrained shear strength increased by up to approximately 9% for every order of magnitude increase in strain rate; (ii) strain rate had little to no impact on shearing resistance at the critical state regardless of stress path; and (iii) the CSL was independent of strain rate. In addition, the authors postulate that the effect of strain rate on peak undrained shear strength may be related to differences in inertia during shearing as well as particle rearrangement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".