The occupation of Ottawa: Canadian rupture, American rapture or Reformation tradition?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The key practices of the Freedom Convoy/trucker protest – prominently, truck-borne pilgrimage and truck-based occupation, but also ‘hot-tubbing’ – as well as the discursive practices of observers – notably, intimations of moral depravity, including child abuse – bear a remarkable resemblance to the behaviours often associated with the ‘popular’ or ‘radical’ protests of evangelicals in the 16th-century European Reformation. This suggests that the presence of diverse aspects of Christian evangelicalism in the Freedom Convoy (placards, rhetorical performances, etc.), generally considered exotic by those members of the press who did not just ignore them altogether, was deeply rooted in several histories of European immigration and settlement in Canada. This article argues that the Freedom Convoy, far from representing a rupture in Canadian political culture (possibly due to an invasive influence of contemporary American political culture), demonstrates long cultural continuities mediated by religious communities firmly established in Canada. Several Canadian evangelical subcultures present at the Freedom Convoy actively maintain a strong sense of European Reformation heritage, apparently along with what J. C. Scott once termed ‘hidden transcripts’ for evangelical political protest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.040 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".