Microstructural Changes in the Plastid Genome of Zea: Evolutionary Insights
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explores the evolutionary dynamics within the genus Zea by analyzing complete plastid genomes. The research sequenced plastomes from five Zea species, identifying 193 indels and 15 inversions, with tandem repeat indels being the most prevalent microstructural changes. Divergence times were estimated, revealing that the stem lineage of all Zea species diverged approximately 176 000 years before present (YBP), with mutation rates ranging from 1.7E-8 to 3.5E-8 changes per site per year. Additionally, the study examined plastome diversity within Zea mays , identifying 124 polymorphic loci and 27 distinct haplotypes, which reflect the geographic structuring of nuclear gene pools in South American maize landraces. The findings underscore the non-uniform rates of microstructural changes despite close taxonomic relationships and provide a comprehensive framework for understanding evolutionary processes at low taxonomic levels. This research contributes significantly to the phylogenomic knowledge of Zea , confirming previous mitochondrial and nuclear data analyses and highlighting the importance of plastid genome studies in elucidating evolutionary histories.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".