Attitudes of Hotel Managers on Sustainable TourisThrough Green Practices: Case Study Countries of the Western Balkans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate change and environmental pollution are major global challenges that make environmental sustainability a high priority in the tourism industry.Hotels that implement green practices play an important role in promoting sustainable tourism by implementing policies and measures that protect and preserve the environment.This study examines the attitudes of hotel managers towards green practices, with the aim of understanding their impact on the development of sustainable tourism in the region.For this purpose, a survey was conducted that included 618 managers of 3-5 star hotels in the countries of the Western Balkans: Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia.Statistical tests applied to analyze differences in managers' attitudes included the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify general differences between groups.To find out which groups were different from each other, Dunn's method was used for post-hoc comparisons.The results reveal significant differences in the attitudes of managers regarding sustainable practices, highlighting the need for broader promotion and standardization of these practices across the region to support more successful sustainable tourism development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".