Pattern Reconfigurable Multi-Beam SIW Antenna for mm-Wave Radar Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article proposes a 4-port reconfigurable Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) travelling wave antenna for 24 GHz (ISM band) radar applications. Unlike the conventional beamforming architecture, the designed prototype can generate single, dual and quad-beams based on the excitation of specific ports. The SIW antenna structure with an overall size of 2.8$\lambda_{0} \times 2.8\lambda_{0}$has a radiating circular slot positioned on a closed loop circular waveguide. The multi-port-fed circular waveguide excites the slot to generate the desired beam patterns. The length of the circular slot is chosen as an integer multiple of the guided wavelength,$\lambda_{\mathrm{g}}$. The waveguide structure is designed to propagate the dominant mode of$TE_{10}$. The proposed SIW structure is numerically analysed with the 3D EM solver of ANSYS HFSS. It is observed that with single port excitation, the generated beam has a tilt of$10^{\circ}$from the end-fire direction. Both the polarization and the gain patterns of the antenna can be changed with suitably selected excitations for the proposed multi-port structure, with maximum realized gain of 10.7 dBi when all ports are excited with equal magnitude and$90^{\circ}$phase shift.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".