Beam Tilting Antenna Using Phase Gradient Surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A beam-tilting antenna using ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology is presented for X-Band applications. A phase gradient surface (PGS) is integrated with an RGW antenna that steers the radiation beam. The PGS acts as a superstrate, which helps to increase antenna gain and the phase variation surface to collimate the incident RF energy of a fully metallic RGW-based linear 8-element antenna array in the desired direction. A three-layered unitcell is designed for a phase-tuning mechanism where a size variation technique is employed. A phase-tuning surface comprising 16 × 11 periodic unitcells is designed. The proposed technique is investigated to steer from the broadside radiations into the 22° and 45° directions of the H-plane. The expected and simulated beam directions show good agreement. The proposed antenna has the potential to tilt the radiation beam within ±45° off-broadside in the H-plane.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".