Out of Nazi Germany in Time, a Gift to American Science
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When Adolf Hitler became Germany’s Reich chancellor in 1933, Dr. Gerhard Schmidt knew his world was crashing around him. A highly cultured assimilated Jew, he studied medicine, trained in biochemistry, and attained a faculty position at the Univ. of Frankfurt. Two months after Hitler’s rise, Dr. Schmidt lost his position, his father, and his country. He began a 7-year odyssey, with short-term research fellowships in Italy, Sweden, Canada, and the U.S. He was recruited to the Tufts Univ. School of Medicine in 1940. Dr. Schmidt remained at Tufts for the rest of his career, and was elected to the U.S. National Acad. of Sciences in 1973. He considered his post-Germany successes in science and family a victory over Nazism. Photos.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it