Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Practical Guide for the Allergist
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, affecting 15-30% of males and 10-15% of females in North America. OSA is characterized by the recurrent obstruction of the upper airway during sleep resulting in apneas and hypopneas. OSA can be diagnosed using a home sleep apnea test (i.e., a level 3 sleep study) or a polysomnogram (PSG) (i.e., a level 1 study or PSG) in a supervised sleep laboratory which quantifies the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). In broad terms, the diagnosis is made when an individual with symptoms or cardiac risk factors has an AHI of ≥5, or an asymptomatic individual has an AHI of ≥15. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is considered the first-line treatment of OSA. Other treatment options include an oral appliance called a mandibular advancement device, or multilevel surgery of the upper airway, especially uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). Herein we review OSA in the context of conditions commonly observed in the allergy clinic, namely asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, rhinitis, and contact dermatitis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.047 | 0.052 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".