Bibliographic record
Abstract
The inferior turbinate is composed of a central bony structure surrounded by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Underneath the epithelium, there are mucous glands, goblet cells and venous sinusoids in the submucosa, The inferior turbinate is supplied by the inferior turbinate branch of the posterior lateral nasal artery from the sphenopalatine artery. The inferior turbinates humidify the air, trap particles and direct airflow throughout the nasal cavity. Due to these functions, the inferior turbinates are often the first point of contact for allergens in the inspired air. With immune responses prompted by a cascade of inflammatory mediators such as immunoglobulin E, mast cells, histamine, and leukotrienes, mucous glands become stimulated and the vasculature within the inferior turbinate engorges. This results in inferior turbinate hypertrophy, leading to increased nasal discharge and nasal obstruction. For individuals refractory to medical therapy for nasal obstruction, surgical inferior turbinate reduction techniques can be employed to help alleviate the symptoms. For those with rhinorrhea refractory to medical therapy, surgical management aimed at reducing parasympathetic innervation to the nasal cavity to reduce nasal discharge production can be also option.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".