Bedform generation beneath shoaling nonlinear internal waves on a mild slope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subaqueous sand waves have been observed where nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) shoal on continental margins . To investigate their generation mechanisms, we propagated periodic NLIWs of depression to shoal upon a sloping bed in a laboratory flume. Following fission of the incident waves, ripple-type bedforms were observed between the point of incipient suspension and interaction point (where the quiescent pycnocline intersects the sediment bed). The largest ripples were centered on the bolus birth point, where the NLIWs of elevation, generated by fission, transform into boluses and maximum near-bed velocities occurred. The ripple height and wavelength were consistent with fluvial scaling. In two experiments, where bedload transport was not predicted, the observations showed resuspension to influence ripple generation. Net upslope sediment movement was observed beyond the turning point.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".