Serum level of adropin in primary knee osteoarthritis patients and its relation to ultrasonographic findings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) represents a chronic, multifaceted condition characterized by degenerative afflictions predominantly targeting the knee joint, a commonly implicated site in osteoarthritic pathologies. Adropin, a peptide hormone encoded by the energy homeostasis associated (ENHO) gene, that exhibits extensive expression across multiple tissues, notably in the liver, brain, heart, kidneys, pancreas, coronary arteries, and umbilical veins. Furthermore, adropin is discernible within a broad spectrum of bodily fluids, including plasma, serum, and exocrine secretions like colostrum and milk, indicating its pervasive role and systemic relevance in physiological processes. Objective: Measurement of Serum Adropin level in knee osteoarthritis patients and its relationship with clinical manifestations, different radiological grading and ultrasonographic findings. Methodology This case control study has been conducted on 40 patients with varying grades of knee osteoarthritis were compared to 40 age and sex-matched healthy people as controls. The serum adropin level has been measured in both groups using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: As regards adropin level, there were statistically significant differences between patient group with a mean of (266.12±65.75) compared with the control group with a mean of (582.63±129.73, p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between adropin level “pg/ml” and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) grading with p-value (< 0.05). There was negative correlation between adropin level “pg. /ml “and Kellgren Lawrence (KL) grading (r = - 0.909, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Serum adropin concentrations were markedly reduced in patients with KOA relative to control subjects, demonstrating a specificity of 87.5% and a sensitivity of 90%. There exists a negative association between serum adropin levels and several clinical indicators: Kellgren Lawrence (KL) grading scale, cartilage thickness, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC), and visual analogue scale (VAS). Consequently, serum adropin measurements may serve as both a sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarker for knee osteoarthritis
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".