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Record W4403096752 · doi:10.1016/j.nlp.2024.100110

Recent advancements in automatic disordered speech recognition: A survey paper

2024· article· en· W4403096752 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueNatural Language Processing Journal · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicSpeech Recognition and Synthesis
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSpeech recognitionComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology has recently witnessed a paradigm shift with respect to performance accuracy. Nevertheless, impaired speech remains a significant challenge, evidenced by the inadequate accuracy of existing ASR solutions. This lacking is reported in various research reports. While this lacking has motivated new directions in Automatic Disordered Speech Recognition (ADSR), the gap between ASR performance accuracy and that of ADSR remains significant. In this paper, we report a consolidated account of research work conducted to date to address this gap, highlighting the root causes of such performance discrepancy and discussing prominent research directions in this area. The paper raises some fundamental issues and challenges that ADSR research faces today. Firstly, we discuss the adequacy of impaired speech representation in existing datasets, in terms of the diversity of speech impairments, speech continuity, speech style, vocabulary, age group, and the environments of the data collection process. We argue that disordered speech is poorly represented in the existing datasets; thus, it is expected that several fundamental components needed for training ADSR models are absent. Most of the open-access databases of impaired speech focus on adult dysarthric speakers, ignoring a wide spectrum of speech disorders and age groups. Furthermore, the paper reviews prominent research directions adopted by the ADSR research community in its effort to advance speech recognition technology for impaired speakers. We categorize this research effort into directions such as personalized models, model adaptation, data augmentation, and multi-modal learning. Although these research directions have advanced the performance of ADSR models, we believe there is still potential for further advancement since current efforts, in essence, make the false assumption that there is a limited distribution shift between the source and target data. Finally, we stress the need to investigate performance measures other than Word Error Rate (WER)- measures that can reliably encode the contribution of erroneous output tokens in the final uttered message.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScholarly communication
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.994
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.002
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.301
Teacher spread0.277 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it