Behavioral and toxicological impacts of bio-derived oils in aqueous spills
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is an increasing global demand for, and transportation of, goods classified as Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS), including bio-derived oils and chemicals. With the increasing variety of bio-feedstocks and the development of processing technologies, the physical and chemical properties of commercially available and transported bio-derived oils vary significantly. The objective of this work was to analyze and compare the physical and chemical characteristics, behaviour, and risks of several bio-derived oils (four vegetable oils, one biodiesel, and two pyrolysis oils) and one petrol diesel when spilled into both fresh and salt water system. The laboratory results indicated that the vegetable oils and biodiesel remained buoyant and resulted in low total organic carbon (TOC) in water when spilled, similar behaviour to petrol diesel. However, the two pyrolysis oils exhibited remarkably different behaviours. The two oils sunk directly in the water and then rapidly dissolved the organic components into the water when mixed. This resulted in a high TOC (100 times higher than other types of oil) and an altered water chemistry, leaving a large portion of water-insoluble portion (35.0 wt% of pyrolysis oils) remaining at the water bottom. Initial Microtox findings indicated that water samples contaminated with pyrolysis oils and biodiesel (similar to petrol diesel) exhibited increased aqueous toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri . Further biological tests are required to understand their ecological risks. This work provides insights to the challenges and knowledge gaps on the fate, behaviour and risk of emerging bio-derived oils in water, while supporting HNS emergency response and remediation measures. • Comparison of physical and chemical properties of bio-derived oils to petrol diesel. • Pyrolysis oils exhibit distinct behaviour and will sink and dissolve in water. • Spills of pyrolysis oils result in the highest dissolved organic carbon in water. • Biodiesel and pyrolysis oils have a similar risk to Vibrio fischeri in water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".