Design and analysis of a Sub-6 GHz antenna array with high gain for 5G mobile phone applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we designed, analyzed, and simulated a 32-element antenna array for the sub-6 GHz band. Each radiating element is a square patch on a Rogers RT5880 substrate, featuring a relative dielectric permittivity of 2.2, a low-loss tangent of 0.0009, and a thickness of 0.508 mm, measuring 28.1×28.1 mm². Simulations were conducted using two electromagnetic solvers, advanced design system (ADS) and CST Microwave Studio, providing a comprehensive comparison of the results. To achieve a high balance between performance and antenna size, two 4×8 array antenna structures were designed. The simulations demonstrated excellent input impedance matching around 3.5 GHz for both configurations, with high gains of 20.5 dBi for the first and 18 dBi for the second configuration, along with directional radiation patterns. The dimensions were 315×576×0.578 mm³ for the first configuration and 170×961×0.578 mm³ for the second. These performance metrics make the proposed antenna arrays highly suitable for wireless communication technologies operating below 6 GHz, particularly for 5G mobile communications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".