Broadband 1.45–2.1 μm luminescence in Er3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ tri-doped bismuth-germanate glasses
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Optical properties of novel Er 3+ -doped, Er 3+ /Yb 3+ and Er 3+ /Tm 3+ co-doped and Er 3+ /Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ tri-doped bismuth-germanate glasses were fabricated. Thermal characterization by differential scanning calorimetry showed the suitability of the glass for fiber drawing. Tri-doped sample presented a broadband luminescence spectrum ranging from 1450 to 2100 nm when it was excited by 980 and 1480 nm laser diodes. Energy transfer mechanisms from the donor (Yb 3+ , Er 3+ ) to acceptor (Er 3+ , Tm 3+ ) ions were found out to be the cause of the intense luminescence with broad bandwidth which can be tailored through doping content and concentration. It was observed that the Tm 3+ addition helps broadening the luminescence spectrum, while the Yb 3+ incorporation enhances the emission intensity. This study provides insightful contributions to the possibility of signal amplification in L + U-bands and beyond, up to 2100 nm. • A broadband emission spectrum from 1450 to 2100 nm was obtained by Er 3+ /Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ tri-doping of bismuth-germanate glass. • Thermal, optical and spectroscopic properties were examined under different doping approaches. • The addition of Tm 3+ broadened the emission spectrum while the Yb 3+ increased the luminescence intensity of Er 3+ and Tm 3+ . • The effects of 980 and 1480 nm excitation on the luminescence intensity and decay times of Er 3+ and Tm 3+ ions were studied.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it