Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men Who Have Sex with Men Initiating HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Benin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Data on STIs among MSM in Benin are scarce.This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Treponema pallidum (TP) among 204 HIV-negative MSM initiating pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention in Cotonou, Benin.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was completed and participants underwent a physical examination by a physician.Blood, anal, pharyngeal, and urinary samples were collected.Prevalences are presented with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with STIs.Results: The prevalence was 18.6% (95% CI, 13.3% -24.0%), 15.2% (95% CI, 10.3% -20.1%), 9.8% (95% CI, 5.7% -13.9%) and 27.9% (95% CI, 21.8% -34.1%) for CT, NG-all sites, anorectal NG, and infection by either NG or CT (NG/ CT), respectively.STIs were generally asymptomatic (84.2% for NG/CT) and of biological extra-genital location (70.2% for NG/CT).One case of unconfirmed syphilis was observed.In multivariate analysis, being younger, not being single, and having more than four female sexual partners were associated with CT and NG/CT, while lower monthly income was associated with NG and/or CT.Relative youth, receptive anal sex and paid sex were associated with NG.Only receptive anal sex was associated with anorectal NG.Conclusion: NG and CT infections are common among HIV-negative MSM in Cotonou.Their asymptomatic and extra-genital nature could make syndromic management ineffective and extra genital screening necessary.Syphilis is rare among these MSM.STI control and prevention interventions should target young MSM and their female sexual partners.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".