Zeolite intervention in soil nitrate dynamics: insights from column experiments and modelling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to address the harmful effects of excessive nitrogen fertilizer by investigating the mobility-retardance effect of zeolite on nitrate movement in loam soil columns. Disturbed and undisturbed soil columns, treated with zeolite as well as control soil columns, were analysed over a span of three years. Breakthrough curves generated from the experiments were evaluated using the HYDRUS-1D code with mobile–immobile water (MIM) and dual-permeability (DP) models. Our findings highlight that zeolite application significantly reduced nitrate mobility, with recovery rates decreasing by 8% in disturbed and 11% in undisturbed columns. The DP model, which accurately reflects real soil water flow conditions, outperformed the MIM model in predictive accuracy. This research offers a novel long-term perspective on the benefits of zeolite in enhancing soil properties and mitigating nitrate leaching, recommending the DP model for superior prediction of contaminant transport in structured soils within the vadose zone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".