ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND THE PROBLEM OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the sanctions imposed against Russia over the past decade and the problem of import substitution as a tool to increase the economic security of the state. After the announcement of the RF recognition of the independence of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics (DPR and LPR) on February 22, 2022, and the subsequent special military operation of Russia to denazify and demilitarize Ukraine, a new stage of international relations began, associated with the introduction of an unprecedented scale (and constantly replenishing) sanctions on Russia by the United States, the European Union and some other states. The largest trade sanctions in history were imposed - a ban on the export of high-tech components and parts to the Russian Federation, as well as services and support related to this activity. Many trade agreements were annulled, and Russian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT interbank payment system. The foreign property and assets of many Russians have been seized. Flights are prohibited in the airspace of the European Union, Great Britain, Canada and other countries. The supply of Russian oil to America and Great Britain is limited, all foreign investments in the Russian economy under their jurisdiction are blocked. Foreign assets of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation are frozen. There are bans and restrictions in the field of broadcasting Russian media, social networks in the country. There is a break in diplomatic ties with a number of states. Many foreign companies have suspended their activities in the Russian market. Analysts predict the following main risks for Russian business: logistics crisis; restructuring trade routes; difficulties in meeting financial obligations and using financial instruments (leasing, factoring, etc.); limitation of the supply area; reduction in investment; reduced availability of loans; restriction of currency settlements; reputational costs, etc. In this regard, import substitution is one of the main directions of the strategy for developing the Russian economy and ensuring its security.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it