First report of <i>Leptoglossus occidentalis</i> (Hemiptera: coreidae) feeding on <i>Rubus</i> (Rosaceae) fruit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae), feeds extensively on the seeds of conifer trees within both its endemic range west of the Rocky Mountains and its expanding introduced range throughout eastern North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Its damage to conifer seed challenges seed production in natural stands and in orchards that produce seed for forest regeneration and food. In summer 2023, hundreds of L. occidentalis adults were observed feeding on the berries of two cultivated blackberry, Rubus fruticosus Linnaeus (Rosaceae), vines on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The adults were observed over a period of approximately six weeks, and their stylets were seen penetrating drupelets and causing subsequent damage. Identification was confirmed based on morphological and molecular (CO1 DNA barcoding) methods. To our knowledge, this is the first verifiable report of L. occidentalis feeding on a Rosaceae host, suggesting the insect’s potential for damaging agricultural systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".