Laboratory measurement of the effect of exposure to ship noise on mussels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is a bivalve mollusc of high commercial interest, which frequently breeds in coastal areas with high levels of ship traffic noise. Studies on the effect of this stressor on mussels are scarce, which is why we set out to design a system to study the effect of ship noise on mussel behaviour (valve opening-closure rhythms). The proposed experimental set-up uses a high frequency non-invasive valvometry system to detect shell closure reactions related to instantaneous increases in sound level. The main findings are that mussels reacted to ship noise levels above 114 dB re 1μPa (63Hz-4kHz), that most reactions occurred within 13 s after a sudden increase in level, and that there does not appear to be a clear relationship between closure depth and noise level. Although mussels may not be sensitive to sound pressure but only to the associated particle movement, the results of this work contribute to highlighting the sensitivity of this species to noise, and the need to carry out experiments with a larger number of specimens and in conditions that allow the acoustic field to be reproduced more realistically.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".