Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article investigates the peculiar development of Denmark’s criminal justice administration during the nineteenth century. Despite the conceptualization of a modernized criminal justice system in the liberal constitution of 1849, the inquisitorial principle persisted in criminal trials until 1919, positioning Denmark as one of Europe’s most regressive nations in this regard. This article seeks to analyse this delay in reform by scrutinizing the operational aspects of the criminal justice system. It contends that Commission Courts, originating from the era of absolutism, were seen as necessary to combat crime (particularly in rural areas where local policing was inadequate) and a desirable political tool for the Danish government. There were thus concrete and practical reasons why modernization was postponed. It is only by examining the practical operation of the law within its social, political, and cultural contexts that the practical manifestation of power can be analysed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.101 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".