Contrasting the ecology of planktonic crustaceans from freshwaters: Insights from stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• 3 lakes across latitudinal gradient in Europe (Croatia, Poland, Lithuania) were sampled. • Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were measured in tissues of planktonic crustaceans. • Strong partitioning of isotopic niches among planktonic crustaceans was found. • C:N ratio (proxy for lipid content) declined with trophic level. We examined the feeding ecology of planktonic crustaceans at three waterbodies situated across a latitudinal gradient in Europe (Croatia, Poland, Lithuania) using stable isotope measurements (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) in animal tissues. Relative, lake-specific values of δ 15 N showed that in all lakes, calanoid copepods occupied the highest trophic position, while Daphnia sp. and Diaphanosoma sp. were located closer to primary producers with Cyclopoid copepods located between these groups. We found a negative correlation between C:N ratio (proxy for lipid content) and δ 15 N, which indicates lipid content declined with the trophic level of the animals. Employment of stable isotope-based approach allows better recognition of trophic linkages than could be inferred from classical methods, and therefore our results contribute improvement of management strategies developed for aquatic ecosystems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.037 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".