What in Earth? Analyses of Canadian soil populations of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a globally distributed mold and a major cause of opportunistic infections in humans. Because most infections are from environmental exposure, it is critical to understand environmental populations of A. fumigatus. Soil is a major ecological niche for A. fumigatus. Here, we analyzed 748 soil isolates from 21 locations in six provinces and one territory in Canada. All isolates were genotyped using nine microsatellite markers. Due to small sample size and/or close proximities for some local samples, these isolates were grouped into 16 local geographic and ecological populations. Our results indicated high allelic and genotypic diversities within most local and provincial populations. Interestingly, low but statistically significant genetic differentiations were found among geographic populations within Canada, with relatively similar proportions of strains and genotypes belonging to two large genetic clusters. In Hamilton, Ontario, and Vancouver, BC, where two and three ecological populations were analyzed, respectively, we found limited genetic difference among them. Most local and provincial populations showed evidence of both clonality and recombination, with no population showing random recombination. Of the 748 soil isolates analyzed here, two were resistant to triazole antifungals. We discuss the implications of our results to the evolution and epidemiology of A. fumigatus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".