High-entropy strategy to suppress volumetric strain and enhance diffusion rate of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathode for durable and high-areal-capacity zinc-ion battery pouch cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are pivotal contributors to the global energy transformation. Cathode materials with NASICON-type structures are promising candidates for zinc-ion batteries but are hindered by their low electrical conductivity , sluggish ionic diffusion, and structural instability. This work introduces a high-entropy, carbon-coated NASICON-type Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 (HE-NVPF@C) cathode by incorporating five metal elements (Al, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Nb) mainly into the V sites of the VO 4 F 2 octahedral structure. Systematic experimental and simulation studies of the Zn 2+ storage mechanism in high-entropy NASICON-type cathode are presented for the first time. The high-entropy doping strategy contributes to significantly enhanced cycling stability by suppressing Jahn-Teller distortion, reducing lattice change during Zn 2+ extraction and insertion, and decreasing the Zn 2+ migration energy barrier. As a result, the HE-NVPF@C cathode demonstrates exceptional cycling stability over 6000 cycles at 20 C with a capacity loss of a mere 0.0031 % per cycle and a high areal capacity retention of 2.17 mAh cm −2 . In addition, the pouch cell provides a long cycling lifespan with 90.8 % capacity retention at 5 C after 200 cycles. This feasible high-entropy approach broadens the perspective for developing practical zinc-ion batteries with a long cycle lifespan and high areal capacity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".