The pursuit of socioemotional wealth and the management of the Hudson’s Bay Company, 1809–1863
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although generally described as a publicly owned joint-stock company motivated to bring dividends for its investors, during one of the most important phases of its history (1809–1863), the Hudson’s Bay Company operated as a family business. This paper outlines why the HBC should be considered a family business during these years, and the significance of this for understanding both the HBC and the nature of family business more broadly. Three related arguments are made throughout: that the four families controlling the HBC were motivated by what Gomez-Mejia et al. describe as socioemotional wealth (the social and emotional value family owners ascribe to their companies); that this fact shaped company governance structure, key policy decisions, how it hired employees, and how it managed succession; and, that these different families sometimes pulled the company in contradictory directions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it