Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Spherical Maghemite Nanoparticles with Tunable Size and Surface Chemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the synthesis of uniform populations of spherical maghemite nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of iron precursors with tunable diameters centered at 3.3, 7.5, and 12.0 nm and tunable surface chemistry. The three stabilizing ligands were fatty acids with three different alkyl chain lengths (18, 12, and 8 carbon atoms). The unprecedented accurate control of the surface chemistry is made possible by the use of three types of iron complexes, that is, iron oleate (C18), iron dodecanoate (C12), and iron octanoate (C8), associated with fatty acid ligands having the same alkyl chain length, that is, oleic acid (C18), dodecanoic acid (C12), and octanoic acid (C8). Since the thermal decomposition of the iron precursor varies with the chain length, no general rules can be applied to control the nanoparticle size, but optimal synthesis conditions have been investigated to induce the growth of nanoparticles with three different surface chemistries, keeping the diameters centered at 3.3, 7.5, and 12.0 nm. Finally, structural characterization of the nine populations of maghemite nanoparticles was performed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and magnetic properties were determined by using SQUID magnetometry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".