Unveiling the oxidation stability of 2D gallium-intercalated monolayer epitaxial graphene through correlative microscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The oxidation- and air-stability of 2D gallium-intercalated monolayer epitaxial graphene was determined using correlative microscopy. Site-specific studies including AFM, scanning electron microscope, cross section STEM-HAADF, and EELS revealed that the oxygen signal detected by XPS and AES analyses originated from oxidized surface carbon contaminants without the presence of oxygen at the 2D gallium layers. In addition, the air-stability of the 2D gallium was correlated with the presence of intact epitaxial graphene. The absence of graphene leads to oxidation of the 2D gallium in air, consequently losing the crystallinity of the epitaxial gallium layer. This study invokes the importance of correlative microscopy to better understand defects in 2D metals that have been recently recognized through the confinement heteroepitaxy. In addition, this study highlights the advantage of using high spatial resolution STEM techniques in comparison with XPS that has relatively lower resolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".