Regression based battery state of health estimation for multiple electric vehicle fast charging protocols
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, a data-driven estimation method is developed to estimate the battery state of health (SOH), exploiting SOH features that can be obtained during fast-charging events. A newly expanded experimental dataset with six cells, cycled 1200 to 1800 times until 70% SOH is reached, is used and made available. Our investigation focuses on the variability that can be encountered in charging events due to different charging protocols (particularly for fast charging) and partial charging events. In particular, we investigated nine different SOH features, introducing novel formulations to increase their flexibility with respect to different charging events. Then, we assessed the practical implementability of these features and employed correlation and feature importance analyses to identify the most effective. Finally, we developed a linear regression model for SOH estimation using the selected features as inputs. The model shows an RMS prediction error as low as 1.09% over the battery lifetime and a maximum error no greater than 3.5% until SOH falls below 80%, corresponding to the end-of-life for automotive applications. The estimator is also shown to be robust against significant errors of the state of charge (SOC) input value (as high as 5%), ensuring it will perform well even when SOC is not accurately known. • Data-Driven SOH Estimation exploiting charging events. • Robust across different fast charging protocols. • Robust with respect to SOC estimation errors. • Validation on extended dataset. • Low-computational-effort suitable for online BMS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".