Microfluidic solvent extraction of phenol from wastewater containing phenolic compounds in a circle capillary microreactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The effects of micro‐mixer pattern, volumetric flow ratio, capillary length, inner diameter of capillary, residence time, and phenol concentration on phenol microfluidic extraction were investigated. The results indicated that the extraction performances of phenol with Y‐shape joint were higher than that with T‐shape joint. The smaller inner diameter of capillary could improve extraction performances of phenol. The phenol concentration of the inlet in aqueous phase had slight influence on phenol microfluidic extraction. The inner diameter of capillary of 1.0 mm, volumetric flow ratio of 1:1, capillary length of 2 m, and residence time of 88.3 s were more suitable for extraction of phenol. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient of phenol reached 0.0036 s −1 at residence time of 8.8 s. The extraction efficiency of phenol realized 99% at residence time of 23.6 s. The extraction of phenol from aqueous solution depended on intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds between MIBK and phenol.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".